Bacterias tolerantes y resistentes a los metales pesados en el ambiente

Francisca Andrea Trujillo Peralta; Guadalupe López Avilés; Laura Mondragón Camarillo; Kadiya del Carmen Calderón Alvarado

doi:10.36790/epistemus.v17i35.287

Autores/as

Francisca Andrea Trujillo Peralta Universidad de Sonora https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-0767
Guadalupe López Avilés Universidad de Sonora https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-6792
Laura Mondragón Camarillo UNAM
Kadiya del Carmen Calderón Alvarado Universidad de Sonora https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-6449

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36790/epistemus.v17i35.287

Palabras clave:

Remediación, bacterias, metales pesados

Resumen

La contaminación ambiental por metales pesados es producto en gran medida de las actividades humanas, en particular de la industria minera. La extracción y procesamiento de minerales genera grandes cantidades de compuestos tóxicos que afectan la calidad del medio ambiente y la salud de los seres vivos. Durante mucho tiempo se ha buscado desarrollar estrategias que permitan remover los metales pesados del medio ambiente con el fin de mitigar su toxicidad. Dentro de estas estrategias destacan las que usan organismos, como plantas, hongos, algas y bacterias, ya que estos son más eficientes, no generan residuos secundarios y no son costosas. Sin embargo, los organismos empleados deben tener la capacidad de crecer en altas concentraciones de metales para poder utilizarlos en la remediación. En este trabajo se busca divulgar los diferentes mecanismos que utilizan las bacterias para la remoción de metales, así como los metales que pueden llegar a ser eliminados.

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