The Innocent Environmental Impact of Whey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36790/epistemus.v17i35.316Keywords:
Dairy industry, Whey, Environmental impact, Revaluation, Functional foodsAbstract
In dairy production, a large amount of whey, a by-product traditionally considered waste, is generated. However, this perspective is changing as efforts are being made to revalue whey to reduce its negative environmental impact. Both industry and households are looking for ways to reuse whey, including its use in human and animal nutrition, as well as in the production of biodegradable materials such as bioplastics and biofuels. This review aims to explore the environmental impact of whey and opportunities for its reuse, highlighting its importance in the transition towards a circular and sustainable economy.
Downloads
References
OECD/FAO (2021), OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2021-2030, FAO, Rome/OECD Publishing, Paris. [En línea]. Disponible en: www.fao.org/3/cb5332en/cb5332en.pdf
Secretaria de Economía, “ANÁLISIS DEL SECTOR LÁCTEO EN MÉXICO”, México, Informe de la SECRETARÍA DE ECONOMÍA, marzo de 2012. Accedido el 14 de abril de 2023. [En línea]. Disponible: http://www.economia.gob.mx/files/comunidad_negocios/industria_comercio/informacionSectorial/analisis_sector_lacteo.pdf
S. Sinha, A. Srivastava, T. Mehrotra, and R. Singh, “A review on the dairy industry waste water characteristics, its impact on environment and treatment possibilities”, Emerging Issues in Ecology and Environmental Science, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 73–84, doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99398-0_6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99398-0_6
K. Slavov, “General characteristics and treatment possibilities of dairy wastewater - A review,” Food Technol. Biotechnol., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 14–28, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.55.01.17.4520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.55.01.17.4520
M. Iriondo-DeHond, E. Miguel, and M. D. Del Castillo, “Food byproducts as sustainable ingredients for innovative and healthy dairy foods”, Nutrients, vol. 10, núm. 10, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101358 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101358
P. Papademas and P. Kotsaki, "Technological Utilization of Whey towards Sustainable Exploitation," Adv. Dairy Res., vol. 7, pp. 1-10, 2019. doi: 10.35248/2329-888X.7.4.231
B. Królczyk, T. Dawidziuk, E. Janiszewska-Turak, and B. Sołowiej, “Use of whey and whey preparations in the food industry – A review,” Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci., vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 157–165, 2016, doi:10.1515/pjfns-2015-0052 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/pjfns-2015-0052
Panghal, A., Patidar, R., Jaglan, S., Chhikara, N., Khatkar, S. K., Gat, Y., & Sindhu, N. (2018). Whey valorization: current options and future scenario – a critical review. Nutrition & Food Science, 48(4), 617-630, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-01-2018-0017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-01-2018-0017
J. L. Sebastián-Nicolás, L. G. González-Olivares, G. A. Vázquez-Rodríguez, C. A. Lucho-Constatino, A. Castañeda-Ovando, and A. E. Cruz-Guerrero, “Valorization of whey using a biorefinery,” Biofuel. Bioprod. Biorefin., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1010–1027, 2020, doi: 10.1002/bbb.2100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2100
J. M. Rocha and A. Guerra, “On the valorization of lactose and its derivatives from cheese whey as a dairy industry by-product: an overview,” Eur. Food Res. Technol., vol. 246, no. 11, pp. 2161–2174, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-020-03580-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-020-03580-2
S. Khezri, M.M. Seyedsaleh, I. Hasanpour, M. Dastras, and P. Dehghan, "Whey: characteristics, applications and health aspects," Int. J. Adv. Biotechnol. Res., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1383-1389, Apr. 2016, ISSN 0976-2612, Online ISSN 2278-599X.
OCDE/FAO, "OCDE-FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas," Estadísticas de la OCDE sobre agricultura (base de datos), 2020, doi: 10.1787/agr-outl-data-en. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/agr-outl-data-en
FAO, "Dairy Production and Products,". Disponible en: https://fao.org/dairy-production-products/products/es/,2023.
USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, "Dairy: World Markets and Trade,". Disponible en: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/dairy-world-markets-and-trade,2021.
FAO, "Food Balance Sheets - Milk and Milk Products,". Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS, 2021.
Statista, "Porcentaje de encuestados que consumen habitualmente productos lácteos en 2021,". Disponible en: https://es.statista.com/grafico/24961/porcentaje-de-encuestados-que-consumen-habitualmente-productos-lacteos/, 2021.
OCDE/FAO, "Leche y productos lácteos- OCDE-FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2019-2028,". Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/documents/card/es/c/ca6031es, 2019.
P. Rivas-García, J. E. Botello-Álvarez, J. E. Abel Seabra, A. C. da Silva Walter, and A. Estrada-Baltazar, “Environmental implications of anaerobic digestion for manure management in dairy farms in Mexico: a life cycle perspective,” Environ. Technol., vol. 36, no. 17, pp. 2198–2209, 2015, doi:10.1080/09593330.2015.1024758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2015.1024758
SAGARPA, “Crece la producción de leche en México: SAGARPA”. Disponible en: https://www.gob.mx/agricultura/colima/articulos/crece-la-produccion-de-leche-en-mexico-sagarpa-158944?idiom=es, 2018.
C. Salas-Vargas, L. Brunett-Pérez, V. E. Espinosa-Ortiz, and C. G. Martínez-García, “Environmental impact of Oaxaca cheese production and wastewater from artisanal dairies under two scenarios in Aculco, State of Mexico,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 311, no. 127586, p. 127586, 2021,doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127586. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127586
D. G. Muñiz Monzón, V. S. Figueroa Vázquez, K. V. Tapia Frías, A. F. Vallejo Ortiz, L. Anda López, and A. Angel Hernández, “Impacto ambiental en ganadería bovina de leche mediante filtración de agua contaminada en la región semiárida del norte de México,” JÓVENES EN LA CIENCIA, vol. 14, pp. 1–7, 2022, doi: http://doi.org/10.15174/jc.2022.3475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15174/jc.2022.3475
SIAP. "Convoca Agricultura a impulsar el consumo de leche en México,". Disponible en: https://www.gob.mx/agricultura/prensa/convoca-agricultura-a-impulsar-el-consumo-de-leche-en mexico#:~:text=De%20acuerdo%20con%20cifras%20del,toneladas%20de%20un%20a%C3%B1o%20atr%C3%A1s. 2021.
D. A. Amaral and J. A. F. da Silva, “Whey in the industry: environmental and valorization impacts,” Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento, vol. 01, no. 09, pp. 41-57, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/environmental-engineering-en/whey. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/environmental-engineering-en/whey
R. V. Darade and S. S. Ghodake, “An overview of whey beverages,” Research Journal of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 41-44, 2012.
E. Zandona, M. Blažić, and A. Režek Jambrak, “Whey utilization: Sustainable uses and environmental approach,” Food Technol. Biotechnol., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 147–161, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.59.02.21.6968 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.59.02.21.6968
P. A. Garay et al., “Formulation of a protein fortified drink ase don goat milk whey for athletes,” Small Rumin. Res., vol. 201, no. 106418, p. 106418, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106418 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106418
G. Shinde, R. Kumar, S. K. Chauhan, G. Shinde, V. Subramanian, and S. Nadanasabapathi, “Whey Proteins: A potential ingredient for food industry- A review,” J. Dairy. Foods Home Sci., no. Of, 2018, doi: 10.18805/ajdfr.DR-1389 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.DR-1389
M. A. Batista, N. C. A. Campos, and M. P. C. Silvestre, “Whey and protein derivatives: Applications in food products development, technological properties and functional effects on child health,” Cogent Food Agric., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 1509687, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1509687 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1509687
B. V. Raghunath, A. Punnagaiarasi, G. Rajarajan, A. Irshad, A. Elango, and G. Mahesh kumar, “Impact of dairy effluent on environment—A review,” in Integrated Waste Management in India, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp. 239–249, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-27228-3_22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27228-3_22
Y. Wang and L. Serventi, “Sustainability of dairy and soy processing: A review on wastewater recycling,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 237, no. 117821, p. 117821, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117821
M. Ahmad, M. A. Hashem, M. Z. Hossain, and M. M. Islam, “Treatment and utilization of dairy industrial waste: A review,” Trends Food Sci. Technol., vol. 88, pp. 361-372, 2019.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.04.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.04.003
G. Jaganmai and R. Jinka, "Production of lipases from dairy industry wastes and its applications," Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., vol. 5, pp. 67-73, 2017.
T. Yonar, Ö. Sivrioğlu, and N. Özengin, “Physico-chemical treatment of dairy industry wastewaters: A review,” in Technological Approaches for Novel Applications in Dairy Processing, InTech, 2018, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77110
A. Solís, “Lala enfrenta multa millonaria por contaminar río en Guanajuato,” FORBES, 2017. Disponible en: https://www.forbes.com.mx/lala-enfrenta-multa-millonaria-por-contaminar-rio-en-guanajuato/.
Nava, “Nestlé es demandada por contaminar un río y la muerte de toneladas de peces,” merca2.0, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.merca20.com/nestle-es-demandada-por-contaminar-un-rio-y-la-muerte-de-toneladas-de-peces/#:~:text=this%20search%20box.-,Nestl%C3%A9%20es%20demandada%20por%20contaminar%20un%20r%C3%ADo,muerte%20de%20toneladas%20de%20peces&text=El%20compromiso%20social%20de%20las,un%20impacto%
Investigan posible contaminación del río Ctalamochita por parte de una empresa. (2023). El Periódico. https://el-periodico.com.ar/region/investigan-posible-contaminacion-del-rio-ctalamochita-por-parte-de-una-empresa_a6435bd61a72ddbde32c76519
PNUMA, “índice de desperdicio de alimentos 2021”. Disponible en: https://www.unep.org/es/resources/informe/indice-de-desperdicio-de-alimentos-2021, 2021.
P. Papademas and P. Kotsaki, "Technological utilization of whey towards sustainable exploitation," J. Adv. Dairy Res., vol. 7, no. 4, p. 231, 2019, doi: 10.35248/2329-888X.7.4.231
FAO, " The State of Food and Agriculture 2019. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction. ,". Disponible en: https://www.fao.org/3/ca6030en/ca6030en.pdf. 2019
B. Thompson, L. Toma, A. P. Barnes, and C. Revoredo-Giha, “The effect of date labels on willingness to consume dairy products: Implications for food waste reduction,” Waste Manag., vol. 78, pp. 124–134, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.021
FAO, “Pérdidas y desperdicios de alimentos en América Latina y el Caribe,” 2018. Disponible en: https://www.fao.org/americas/noticias/ver/es/c/239393/#:~:text=A%20nivel%20global%2C%20entre%20un,humano%20se%20pierde%20o%20desperdicia,
S. Kandasamy et al., “Application of whey protein-based edible films and coatings in food industries: An updated overview,” Coatings, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 1056, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091056
K. Pame, B. Davuddin, S. Borah, J. Dutta, and P. R. Boro, “Utilization of whey and whey based preparation in processing and development of value added low-fat meat products,” Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 3308–3315, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.912.394 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.912.394
J. Camacho Flinois, R. Dando, and O. I. Padilla-Zakour, “Yogurt acid whey utilization for production of baked goods: Pancakes and pizza crust,” Foods, vol. 8, no. 12, p. 615, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8120615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8120615
F. J. Barba, “An integrated approach for the valorization of cheese whey,” Foods, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 564, 2021.doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030564 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030564
A. H. Abd AL-Razaq, "Whey applications in plants," Plant Arch, vol. 19, pp. 45-48, 2019.
C. G. Campbell and G. L. Feldpausch, “Invited review: The consumer and dairy food waste: An individual plus policy, systems, and environmental perspective,” J. Dairy Sci., vol. 105, no. 5, pp. 3736–3745, 2022, doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-20994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2021-20994
E. Sirmacekic et al., “Possibilities of using whey wastes in agriculture: Case of Turkey,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 24, p. 9636, 2022, doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249636
L. Garg and K. Kumar, “Industrial applications of whey,” Pharma Innov., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 387–390, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2021.v10.i2e.5695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2021.v10.i2e.5695
W. N. Baba, D. J. McClements, and S. Maqsood, “Whey protein-polyphenol conjugates and complexes: Production, characterization, and applications,” Food Chem., vol. 365, no. 130455, p. 130455, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130455
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 EPISTEMUS
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The magazine acquires the patrimonial rights of the articles only for diffusion without any purpose of profit, without diminishing the own rights of authorship.
The authors are the legitimate owners of the intellectual property rights of their respective articles, and in such quality, by sending their texts they express their desire to collaborate with the Epistemus Magazine, published biannually by the University of Sonora.
Therefore, freely, voluntarily and free of charge, once accepted the article for publication, they give their rights to the University of Sonora for the University of Sonora to edit, publish, distribute and make available through intranets, Internet or CD said work, without any limitation of form or time, as long as it is non-profit and with the express obligation to respect and mention the credit that corresponds to the authors in any use that is made of it.
It is understood that this authorization is not an assignment or transmission of any of your economic rights in favor of the said institution. The University of Sonora guarantees the right to reproduce the contribution by any means in which you are the author, subject to the credit being granted corresponding to the original publication of the contribution in Epistemus.
Unless otherwise indicated, all the contents of the electronic edition are distributed under a license for use and Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International — (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) You can consult here the informative version and the legal text of the license. This circumstance must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
The names and email addresses entered in this journal will be used exclusively for the purposes established in it and will not be provided to third parties or for their use for other purposes.